2008年度第1回　英検1級語彙問題の解説(No.29) [まぐまぐ！]

2008/06/16

2008年度第1回　英検1級語彙問題の解説(No.29)

2008年度第1回英検1級語彙問題解説

皆さん、お元気ですか。今回は、昨日(6月15日)に行われた英検1級の「1番の語彙セクション」の中で、
特に重要な語彙問題について解説します。問題を解きながら最後までお楽しみください。

2. Edward has been an (    ) fan of jazz ever since he lived in New Orleans as a college student.
He maintains a large collection of rare recordings.
1 avid  2 erratic  3 acrid  4 inane
(解説) avid は8千語水準の語彙で、fanとのコロケーション（熱狂的なファン）で、1秒で解ける問題。
他erraticは7千語水準、acridは1.2万語水準、inaneは1.7万語水準。
(コロケーション)
2 erratic (behavior, movement, nature)（風変わりな、行き当たりばったりの）「行動・性質」と主に結びつく

3. When shots were fired, the demonstrators in the city square immediately (    ) and ran
into shops or office buildings to hide.
1 filtered  2 dispersed  3 fractured  4 incriminated
(解説) disperse(散らばる)は6千語水準の語彙で、主語demonstratorsとのコロケーションで3秒で解ける問題。
3はmultiple fracture(複雑骨折)、4はincriminating evidence(有罪を示す証拠)のフレーズが重要。
(コロケーション)
2 disperse a (crowd, demonstrators, protester)(追い払う)「群集」と結びつく

4. After the tenants moved out, the landlord was shocked to discover that the apartment was
filthy and (    ) with cockroaches.
1 infested  2 compounded  3 perished  4 deteriorated
(解説) infested[7千語水準]
with cockroaches(ゴキブリがはびこって)のコロケーションで、一秒で解ける問題。
(コロケーション)
1 infested with (cockroaches, ants, rats)（～がはびこっている）「虫、鼠」と結びつく
2 compound (a problem, difficulty, a crime, an offence)((事態を)悪化させる)「問題・犯罪」と主に結びつく

5. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the country’s independence, the government has
granted a general (    ) to hundreds of political prisoners. They will be freed next week.
1 calamity  2 travesty  3 gratuity  4 amnesty
(解説) generalとのコロケーションで、一秒で解ける問題とも言えるが、大事を取ってprisonersまで読んで、
3秒で解ける問題。2はtravesty of justice(法の曲解)が重要の1.5万水準語彙。
(コロケーション)
1 (climate, natural, global, political) calamity(災難、不幸)「自然・政治」と結びつきやすい
2 travesty of (democracy, justice, the law)（曲解、茶番）「正義・法律」と主に結びつく

6. A: How’s our new automated delivery system working out?
  B: Smith Corporation received the first (    ) of goods on time this morning, so it’s looking very positive.
1 compunction  2 reparation  3 consignment  4 divergence
(解説) goodsとのコロケーションで、一秒で解ける問題。8千語水準consignment sale(委託販売)は重要表現。
他war reparations(戦争賠償金)も重要。
(コロケーション)
4. diverge from (the common ancestor, a focal point, the ordinary course)(～から分岐する、それる)「派生の元」と主に結びつく

7. Research has found that teenagers often form (    ) in high school and tend to be unfriendly
toward who doesn’t seem to be like them.
1 perforations  2 cliques  3 delusions  4 salvoes
(解説) formとのコロケーションで、一秒で解ける問題。 academic clique(学閥)は重要表現。salvo（一斉射撃)は
1.5万語水準以上の必須時事英語表現。salvo of gunfire(一斉砲撃)。

8. The public was shocked by a report that uncovered (    ) corruption among customs officials.
Many top officials had been accepting bribes for years.
1 innocuous  2 pervasive  3 candid  4 blissful
(解説) corruptionとのコロケーションで、一秒で解ける問題。pervasive influence of TV(広範囲に
わたるテレビの影響)。
(コロケーション)
2 pervasive (influence, problem, power)（行き渡る、蔓延した）「影響、問題」と主に結びつく
3 candid (opinion, advice, answer)(率直な)「意見」と主に結びつく

9. Although Ms. Williams did not actually turn down Edward’s request for a raise, he (    )
from her comments that his chances were slim.
1 chastened  2 presided  3 inferred  4 depicted
(解説) from her comments thatとのコロケーションで、2秒で解ける問題。高校レベルの基礎語彙。
(コロケーション)
4 depict the (scenes, event, history, reality)(～を描く)「場面・出来事」と結びつきやすい

10. A: Hugh has an (    ) appetite. No matter how much I feed him, he’s always hungry.
   B: I think that’s normal for a teenager who plays a lot of sports.
1 impalpable  2 imperative  3 insatiable  4 inanimate
(解説) appetiteとのコロケーション(飽くなき欲望)で1秒で解ける問題。1.2万語水準語彙
(コロケーション)
2 imperative (command, manner, duty, need)（威張った、緊急の）「態度、必然性」と結びつきやすい
3 insatiable (appetite, greed, desire, avarice)（貪欲な）「空腹・欲」と結びつく

11. When Vincent (    ) started cheating during the test right in front of everyone, Professor Stiles
failed him right away.
1 fortuitously  2 blatantly  3 devoutly  4 inherently
(解説) started cheatingとのコロケーションで1秒で解ける問題。1万語水準語彙
(コロケーション)
1 fortuitous (discovery, happening, accident)（偶然の）「発見・出事故」と主に結びつく
2 blatant (discrimination, sexism, racism, injustice, power abuse)（露骨な）「差別・不正」と結びつく
3 devout (Christian, pilgrims, faith, follower,) (敬虔な、信心深い)「信者、信仰」と結びつく

12. People in major cities are prospering from the country’s economic success, but
in sharp contrast, many people in rural areas still live in (    ) poverty.
1 abject  2 lavish  3 myriad  4 quaint
(解説) povertyとのコロケーション(赤貧)で 1秒で解ける問題。ASC完成レベルの1.5万語水準語彙。
2 lavish (lifestyle, spending, praise, hospitality)(ぜいたくな、浪費の)「生活・消費・賞賛」と結びつきやすい
3 myriad (forms, ways, details)（無数の、おびただしい）「形式・方法」と結びつきやすい
4 quaint (village, town, custom, house)（古風な、趣のある）「村、習慣」と主に結びつく

13. My father was generally a (     ) man. He seldom bought anything that was not a necessity.
1 malleable  2 menial  3 fallible  4 frugal
(解説) manとのコロケーションで一秒で解ける問題ともいえるが、大事を取って文脈から楽勝問題。
他fallible[９千語水準] information(当てにならない情報)、malleable[1.2万語水準] substance(打ち延ばしのできる物質)、
menial[1万語水準] job(単純労働)などのフレーズが重要。
(コロケーション)
2 menial (job, task, chore, work)(退屈で、単調な)「仕事」と結びつく

14. Fanned by strong winds, the kitchen fire grew into a massive (    ), with four blocks of
an old residential neighborhood destroyed by the flames.
1 commutation  2 conflagration  3 consecration  4 conjunction
(解説) massiveとのコロケーション(大規模な火災)で一秒で解ける問題。8千語水準語彙。

15. A: Have you read P.J. Smith’s latest book on globalization?
    B: Yes, but I was very disappointed. It was just a (    ) of what he had
       written in his earlier books.
1 rebound  2 reflex  3 regime  4 rehash
(解説) rehash of earlier plans(以前の計画の焼き直し)はかつてはよく使われた必須時事表現だが、
英検1級語彙集などで英検対策している人には解けないであろう難問。でも削除法でeconomic rebound(景気回復)、
have fast reflexes(反射神経が鋭い)などを省いて解けないことは無いだろう。

16. The king was becoming too weak to rule effectively, so he decided he would (    ) the throne
on his 80th birthday, making way for his son to take over.
1 abdicate  2 accentuate  3 ameliorate  4 arbitrate
(解説) abdicate[1.5万語水準] the throneのコロケーション(王位を捨てる)で１秒で解ける問題。

17. A: Is this the antique car you bought? It’s in (    ) condition!
    B: I know. You’d never guess that it’s over 50 years old.
1 cursory  2 murky  3 volatile  4 pristine
(解説) pristine[１万語水準] conditionのコロケーション(自然のままの状態、元の状態)で、一秒で解ける問題。
他cursory[1.3万語水準] look(ざっと目を通す)、murky water(濁った水)。
(コロケーション)
1 cursory (look, glance, inspection, examination)（おおざっぱな）「目の動き・調査」と結びつきやすい
2 murky (water, colors, connection, transaction)（怪しげな、不透明な）「色・関係」と主に結びつく
4 pristine (condition, forest, wilderness)（手付かずの）「状態・自然」と主に結びつく

18. When Bill gave his presentation, the CEO kept (    ) comments and corrections,
which really disrupted the flow of the talk.
1 disconcerting  2 collocating  3 interjecting  4 ingesting
(解説) commentsとのコロケーション(不安にさせるコメント)で1秒で解ける問題だが、1.7万語水準の
ハイレベル語彙でアクエアリーズの英検1級完成語彙でカバーしている。

19. “Last year was a bad one for our company,” said the managing director, 　　　“but with this year's
favorable economic climate, we hope to (    ) some of our losses.”
1 admonish  2 adjudicate  3 recoup  4 usurp
(解説) lossとのコロケーションで1秒で解ける問題。usurp someone's authority((人）の権限・権力を奪う)も必須。
(コロケーション)
4 usurp one's (power, authority, function, role)（強奪する）「地位・権利」と結びつきやすい

20. The man at the flea market who sold me the vase insisted it was an antique. However,
it later turned out to be a fake－I had been (    ).
1 taunted  2 fumbled  3 snubbed  4 duped
(解説) fakeとのつながりで一秒で解ける問題。他taunt[8千語水準]a disabled man(身障者をあざける)、fumble[8千語水準]
a ball(ボールをエラーする)、snubbed[1.3万語水準] by society(疎外される)も覚えておこう。
(コロケーション)
2 fumble (a ball, for words[an answer])（しくじる、探す）「ボール・言葉」と結びつきやすい

21. The personnel manager decided to have a word with the new employee about her (    ) to talk
endlessly at every meeting.
1 culpability  2 propensity  3 sanctity  4 veracity
(解説) propensity[1万語水準] to talk～のコロケーションで一秒で解ける問題。他culpable[1.3万語水準]
politician(罪のある政治家)は過去の英検1級語彙問題の選択肢で2度用いられているので今後出題される可能性大。
sanctity[1.5万語水準] of human life(人間の命の尊厳)は、sanctify one's soul(心を清らかにする)のように、
sancti(神聖)の語根から類推でき、veracity[1.5万語水準] of a statement(陳述の真実性)もverifyと同様、veri(真実)から類推
できる。
(コロケーション)
propensity for (heavy drinking, violence, lying, overspending)(性癖）「悪い習慣」と主に結びつく

22. A: The company’s profits are down for the third straight quarter. I hope 　　　 the CEO has a plan to improve things.
   B: If you ask me, it’s time for him to (     ) and let someone else take the lead.
1 bow out  2 follow through  3 clamp down  4 nod off
(解説) タイムなどの時事英語でよく用いられる表現。bow out of the race(出馬を辞退する)。他に
bow to the demands(要求に屈する)もよく使われるので覚えておこう。

23. A: Now that you’ve finished university, what are you going to do next?
    B: Well, I’ve been (    ) the idea of taking a year off to travel around South America,
but I’m not entirely sure.
1 forcing into  2 rolling over  3 toying with  4 wasting away
(解説)toy with[flirt with, entertain] the ideaはいずれも「～してみようかと思う」の必須表現。

Let's enjoy the process!!