2009/03/31
[ARG-368]2-1
1998-07-11創刊 ISSN 1881-381X ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― ◆◇◆ ACADEMIC RESOURCE GUIDE（ARG） ◆◇◆ ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― Science, Internet, Computer and ... 2009-03-31発行 ‡No.368‡ 4655部発行 "Ask not what the net can do for you -ask what you can do for the net." ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― ◇ 目次 ◇ ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――― ○ノート： Present and Future of Academic Publishing in Japan in the age of Web （岡本真） ○活動報告 ○編集日誌 −The annual meeting of the Committee on Japanese Materialsで講演 −ハロルド・ワシントン図書館の訪問記 −シカゴへの旅を振り返る など、7日分 ○奥付 〜＜注目の新刊＞〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜＜注目の新刊＞〜 柳与志夫著『知識の経営と図書館』 （勁草書房、2009年、2520円） http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/4326098341/arg-22/ 〜＜注目の新刊＞〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜＜注目の新刊＞〜 ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ ◆ ノート ◆ - Science, Internet, Computer and ... ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ 以下は2009年3月28日（木）にThe Sheraton Chicago Hotel & Towersで開催さ れたCommittee on Japanese Materials, Council on East Asian Libraries, Association for Asian Studiesで岡本が報告した内容です。 当日用いた資料とともにご覧いただくとよいかと思います。 "Japanese academic publishing output and trends in relation to library uses and demand outside Japan"【PPT】 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/coffee/house/doc/cjm(20090326).ppt ＊ Present and Future of Academic Publishing in Japan in the age of Web Makoto Okamoto ACADEMIC RESOURCE GUIDE (ARG) Editor Who am I? Makoto Okamoto (1973~) Let me introduce myself at first. I mean, I want to talk about not only myself but my journal, "ACADEMIC RESOURCE GUIDE (ARG) ". I was born in 1973 in Tokyo. I graduated from the International Christian University (ICU) in 1997. My major was history of political thought in Japan and minor was Chinese history in my college days. After graduation, I started my career in publishing company. I was an editor of educational magazines and academic books. At the same time, I launched mail news, "ACADEMIC RESOURCE GUIDE (ARG) " in 1998. This was just next year of my graduation. Now, I still publish ARG while working as a Web Producer in a Web-based enterprise for more than 10 years. Recently, I wrote the book named "Guide for Researchers who Want to Build Their Own Website" in 2006. And I often speak and write about present and future of academic environment in various fields like Library, Web, Archive, and Publishing. I have various specialties and interests, but, in short, I'm an Academic Resource Specialist in Japan. ACADEMIC RESOURCE GUIDE (ARG) (1998~) Let me go on next. This is "ACADEMIC RESOURCE GUIDE (ARG) ". It's weekly mail news like "The Scout Report" by University of Wisconsin. ARG is issued every Monday. It has a weekly circulation of About 4,700. And main subject is Academic Resources on the Web. Anyway, ARG is the most popular online journal on academic resources in Japan. Goal and Plot of this Report Goal and Aim of this Report In my report I'm going to provide useful information for librarians of CJM about collecting books of Japan studies and Assist Researchers in Japan studies. But…How? I'm going to share you with recent trend of academic publishing in Japan. What is the recent trend? And what kind of? I think the most important trend is "Change". As you know well, "Change" is a little bit positive word in America now. But, "Change" has several meanings and implications like crisis, influence, impact and so on. Actually, it depends on your viewpoint. How will you feel from the word "Change" after hearing my report? It can be a point of the argument. Table of Content Basically, my report is made up of Following 3 parts; 1. 2 Factors for Change 1.1. Competitive Research Funding (CRF) 1.2. World Wide Web (WWW) 2. 3 types of Academic Content on Web 2.1. From Web to Book 2.2. From Book to Web 2.3. From Web to Web 3. Future of Academic Publishing and Academic Content Basic Knowledge about Publishing Industry in Japan Appendix: Metrics of Publishing Market So let's get started. At first, we should catch up and share latest metrics of publishing industry in Japan. And we have to know characteristic structure of academic publishing in Japan. This is the metrics of publishing market in Japan. This metrics is from year 2001 to year 2007. As you can see, in year 2007, 2 years ago, publishing industry faced negative growth. Statistics indicates growth decline of this industry in these years. Players in Academic Publishing As I said a few minutes ago, Japanese academic publishing has a typical feature. In Japan, academic publishing is not always supported only by academic publishers. There are at least 2 other players. One is commercial publishers like Shogakkan which is well-known as a publisher of comic like "Doraemon". Shogakkan is no exception. Commercial publishers also serve as academic publishers in Japan. Another is university presses. I'll discuss UPs later. And I think 4th players are emerging now as I'll also show you later. This is an overview of publishing market in Japan. And now what is the change of academic publishing? And how does academic publishing change? 2 Factors for Change I'll show you two changes in academic publishing in Japan. The first one is CRF. This means Competitive Research Funding, in Japanese, "Kyosoteki Kenkyu Shikin". Second one is Web, I mean, World Wide Web. Probably, most of you are very familiar with Web, but not CRF. Please note and memorize the word "CRF" like you do with the word Web. CRF and Web is the keyword when we think present situation of academic publishing in Japan. Change Caused by CRF CRF is a fund by the Japanese government for universities and researchers. It is granted by each agency in each field. Let me show you 2 typical examples. One is 21st Century COE Program. COE means center of excellence as most of you expect. This research-aid was funded for 5 years from year 2002 to year 2006. Total budget was 164 billion Yen, in American-dollars, about 1.6 billion dollars. After 21st COE, Global COE Program has started since year 2007. Now future of the universities and researchers depend on whether they get CRF or not. CRF like this has become more important than ever. But, every medal has two sides. What is the consequence? Result of CRF CRF brings not only the right to get money but responsibilities to produce result and publish the findings of research. So, outputs, especially in the form of academic publications, are required. Then many universities made a choice to establish their own publisher, which is, university presses. Please see the next sheet. Appendix: Growth of UPs As you can see, founding of UPs is increasing so quickly. 36.7% of UPs are established in this century. This is very important because CRF started at the same time. Of course, UP is an essential component of university. However, it is not always necessary for all universities. So, I think now it's a UP Bubble… In short time, some UPs will fall apart. Actually, some of UPs in Japan has already ceased to publish. This is confusion and this confusion is caused by CRF. Then, What about Web? Let's go on next. Basic Knowledge about Internet in Japan Appendix: Metrics of Internet Before entering the topic of Web, we should know basic metrics of internet users in Japan. Today, as the graph shows, about 70% of Japanese, 88M people, access and use internet. Because of such widespread use of the internet, Web is going to influence publishing, especially, academic publishing. On the next shlide I classified changes caused by Web into 3 categories. Changes Caused by Web Changes by Web can be seen in these 3 categories. 1. Transition from Web to Book 2. Reproduction of Book on Web 3. roduction of Content on Web I'll explain one by one. Ecosystem of Academic Web Content In my observation and analysis, academic content on Web consists of 3 elements. One is "From Web to Book" content. This means some content on Web is put into the form of a book. Second one is "From Book to Web" content. It means, some of the content on Web originate from books. The third one is "From Web to Web" content. Academic Web content is made up of 3 categories like this. Go on following slides for more details. I'll show you various examples. Academic Content on Web 1. From Web to Book For "From Web to Book" content, here are 2 examples. e.g., Publishing on Web by Kazuo Nimura (Labor Studies) This is the website by a professor, Kazuo Nimura. He is aged and respected labor historian. He is well known by collecting and publishing his whole works on Web. He was not only trying to digitalize and republish his old works on Web, but serialize his recent work on Web for 6 years (2000~2005). His recent work is "Fusataro Takano and his time" which describes the life of Takano, pioneer of labor movement in modern Japan. His work wasn't confined only to Web. It was published by a famous academic publisher, Iwanami-shoten after being revised by editors. As you already see, this is a typical example in which academic content on Web was transformed into a book published by academic publisher. e.g., Publishing on Web by Tetsuro Kato (Political Science) I want to show another example by a professor, Tetsuo Kato, a political scientist. He is searching for missing Japanese in modern age on his website. In modern age, many Japanese went to Europe and Russia to study and to participate in politics. But most of them were missed in history. Professor Kato lists the name and short profile of missing Japanese on his website and collect information from other internet users. Actually, he succeeds in identifying who he was or who she was. Last year, 2008, a part of his research on Web was published by academic publisher, Iwanami-shoten. The title is "Japanese in Berlin in the age of Weimar". As I showed you with these 2 examples, most of, if not all, academic publication is created from academic content on Web. 2. From Book to Web On the contrary there are examples of "From Book to Web". e.g., Extracting Authoritative Encyclopedia from Book Last November Yahoo! JAPAN, which is the most popular portal and search engine in Japan, and Shoggakan, which is the biggest commercial publisher in Japan, launched Yahoo! Encyclopedia. This website is based on "Nipponica", which is the most trusted encyclopedia in Japan. I can say this is a typical example for extracting authoritative content from book to Web. e.g., Publishing on IR by Library and UP The second example is by Institutional Repository, IR which is rapidly spreading among academic libraries and university libraries. Just a year ago, library of Kyoto university republished the publications by Kyoto university press on IR. Library did it with cooperation with UP, although those publications are still in the marketplace. It may be just a test case because republished books on IR remain only 5. But, this is a good example of "From Book to Web". e.g., Launching New Journal on IR by National Universities Third one is also by IR. This is an academic journal by national universities in Kyushu, southern area of Japan. This is a little bit complicated. At first they collect articles from each IRs. After that, submitted articles are judged by peer reviewers. Only accepted articles are listed in this journal. This is also an example of "From Book to Web". Appendix: Institutional Repository by Academic Library This is just appendix. In Japan 93 IRs are launched. Appendix: Metrics of Institutional Repository Now 587K articles are digitalized on the whole IRs as of the end of this February. Let go back to other examples. e.g., Publishing on Web by Research Institute This kind of digitalization and publishing on Web is also done by research institutes. For example, Historiographical Institute The University of Tokyo launched full text search engine for important historical materials of Japanese history. Original text is from publication by academic publisher. e.g., Publishing on Web by Google and University Library Finally, I have to talk about impact by Google Book Search. In Japan, Keiogijuku university, one of the most influential private university became partner of library project. Details of the plan between Google and Keio university are unknown because of their NDA. But sooner or later, most of Japanese books will be digitlized and integrated into Google search index. Although it is not the main topic of today, just a few months ago, it was suddenly found out that the details of the Google Book Search Settlement is applicable to Japan. According to Google's opinion, this settlement comes into force worldwide. Possibly, after the end of this May, which is the deadline for raising objections, almost all books may be digitalized by Google. So anyway, academic content on Web originates from academic publications at least partially. 3. From Web to Web - Website Finally, "From Web to Web" content on Web. Here I divide Web content into Websites and Weblogs. At first, I'll go on from Websites. e.g., Publishing on Web by 21st Century COE Not all academic content can get offer from academic publishers. But universities and researchers, especially those granted by CRF have to publish their scientific outputs. Their answer and solution is publishing on Web from the beginning. This is one example. Research group at Kyoto university which was granted 21st century COE published final report on Web. It is not exceptional. You can see those scholarly report on Websites of each research groups granted by CRF. e.g., Publishing on Web by Academic Publisher #1 e.g., Publishing on Web by Academic Publisher #2 An increasing number of academic publishers are making the same choice. Here are 2 examples. This is an online journal on Japanese-language education. And this is a similar example. This is an online journal on English education. As you see, academic content on Web is already created on Web. So, how about Weblogs? 3. From Web to Web - Weblog First of all, let me show some metrics of Blog. These metrics is from survey of Institute for Information and Communications Policy, ICCP. ICCP is a national institute. Appendix: Metrics of Blog #1 The number of new blogs is sharply-rising since year 2003 because many Web companies launched Blog services. In these 3 years, about 400K or 500K blogs started. A year ago, there were more than 15M blogs and 3M of it was active blog. "Active blog" means the blog which is updated at least once a month. Appendix: Metrics of Blog #2 More than 40M entries are posted monthly and total number of whole entries was over 1400M. Appendix: Classification by Motive This is a survey on motivation of bloggers. Why do they start their blog? Let see real blogs by researchers and graduates. e.g., Blog of Makoto Ibusuki (Law Studies) Dr. Ibusuki is a researcher of law of criminal procedure and he is also an speciallist of legal research. He has posted articles about recent legal isuues, especially from the viewpoint of legal infomatics. e.g., Blog of Yosuke Naito (Postal Studies) Professor Naito is also well known as a collector of stamps. In his blog, he chooses a stamp from his collection and describes its background. e.g., Blog of Sho Sato (Library and Information Science) Mr, Sato is very young. He is still a graduate student. But he is so famous among librarians in Japan. He started his blog when he was an undergraduate. But his entries were so excellent that most of librarians who are familiar with web become readers of his blog. Appendix: Classification by Use (Okamoto, 2007) There are many kinds of academic blogs. 2 years ago, I tried to classify academic blogs according to their use based on my observation. But it is just for reference. Please ask me later if you have any questions about this chart. Appendix: Academic Blogger This is also for reference. In this report, I just showed only the blogs by researchers and graduate. But actually there are so various academic blogs and bloggers. Ecosystem of Academic Web Content Let me wrap-up this part. As I mentioned at the beginning, academic content on Web is made up of 3 categories. One is "From Web to Book" content. Second one is "From Book to Web" content. Third one is "From Web to Web" content. Now Web is big stream of information and content. But Web content is not constructed by only Web originated content and Web content does not stand alone. Web content is sometimes switching between Web and book. Here is a cycle. From the Viewpoint of Publisher From the viewpoint of academic publishers, trends of academic publishing can be summarized like; Firstly, academic publishers derive new authors and content from Web. This is "From Web to Book". Secondly, academic publishers are reproducing former publication on Web in cooperation with other players. This is "From Book to Web". Thirdly, academic publishers are publishing on Web from the beginning and other players publish academic content on Web without the assistance of traditional academic publishers. This is "From Web to Web". Now we are reaching conclusion. Future of Academic Publishing and Academic Content What is the future of academic publishing and academic content in time of change? Future of Academic Publishing and Academic Content First, Cycle between Web and Book is more enforced and accelerated. Second, an increasing number of old publications are digitalized by national institutes like NDL, NAJ, and NII and by Web companies like Yahoo! and Google, as we saw real examples so far. Third, more academic content is published on Web. Guide to Academic Publishing and Content in a Time of Change Facing these changes, how do library act? I don't have final answer, but I can show you a few guides to future from viewpoint of an academic resource specialist in Japan. First is "Explore". Please search the Web at first, I mean, before you request or ask for ILL. On Web content in Japanese, so many academic resources have been produced. Even for me, I can't catch up with its speed. The academic content may be published on Web before we know it. Second is "Request". Please order only books with additional values. Or you, librarians should ask publishers to publish only publications with academic values. Third is "refer". Please check informative website and weblog like ARG. But there are a lot of useful websites and weblogs. Please see the following list. Appendix: List of Informative Website/Weblog 1. Current Awareness Portal - NDL http://current.ndl.go.jp/ 2. Journal of Information Processing and Management News - JST http://johokanri.jp/news/ 3. Blog of Kasama-Shoin, Publisher http://kasamashoin.jp/ 4. SENTOKYO Blog - Japan Special Libraries Association http://blog.goo.ne.jp/sentokyo 5. Blog of Resource Center for the History of Entrepreneurship http://d.hatena.ne.jp/tobira/ 6. Reference Club Blog - Nichigai Associates, Incorporated. http://reference.blog.shinobi.jp/ 7. New Library Lab http://shintoshokanlab.kobe-du.ac.jp/ 8. Academic Resource Guide (ARG) http://www.ne.jp/asahi/coffee/house/ARG/ 9. Academicweb.jp - to be launched by ARG Appendix: New Useful Websites by JST J-Global (2009-03~) http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/ by NII New CiNii (2009-03~) http://ciexam.nii.ac.jp/ by NDL Research Navi (TBD) to be Launched in First Half of This Year Zassaku RSS (2008-12~) http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/data/sakuin/about_rss.html Note and Acknowledgment This File is Available for Download from the following URLs. Please feel free to download, reprint and share with others. Finally, I want to say thanks to Ms. Haruko Nakamura, Mr. Good Hiro Nagahashi, Ms. Toshie Marra, Ms. Setsuko Noguchi and all of You! Thanks for your invitation and attention. Copyright (C) OKAMOTO Makoto 2009- All Rights Reserved. ￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣￣ ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ ◆ 活動の予定と報告 ◆ - Science, Internet, Computer and ... ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ ［講演・講義］（報告） ◆2009-03-26(Thu): 東アジア図書館協議会（CEAL）の日本研究資料委員会（CJM）で講演しました。 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/arg/20090327/1238161317 ［講演・講義］（予定） ◆2009-07-20(Mon)/2009-08-23(Sun): 日本図書館協会 2009年度中堅職員ステップアップ研修 （於・東京都／日本図書館協会） http://www.jla.or.jp/kenshu/stepup2009-2.html で前回に引き続き、領域：情報資源管理で「図書館ポータルのデザイン」と 「図書館ポータルの評価の実際」の講師を務めます。なお、申込〆切は2009年 4月17日（金）です。 参考： http://d.hatena.ne.jp/arg/20080722/1216653993 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/arg/20080818/1219070727 ⇒執筆・講演のご依頼をお考えの方、お早めにお知らせください。 私の場合、1）早い者勝ち、2）地方優先だけがルールです。 ［参考］執筆・講演一覧 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/coffee/house/ARG/help.html ※執筆・講演等、お気軽にご相談ください。 〜＜PR＞〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜 品切れ間近！『これからホームページをつくる研究者のために −ウェブから学術情報を発信する実践ガイド』 （岡本真著、築地書館、2006年、2940円） http://www.amazon.co.jp/exec/obidos/ASIN/480671335X/arg-22/ 〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜＜PR＞〜 ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ ◆ サイト更新情報 ◆ - Science, Internet, Computer and ... ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ ・ブログ版、随時更新中 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/arg/ 〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜 配信の解除・送信先の変更は、 http://www.ne.jp/asahi/coffee/house/ARG/subscribe.html でお願いします。 〜＜おすすめメルマガ＞〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜 「サイエンス・メール」 http://www.moriyama.com/sciencemail/ ‐ARGが唯一有料講読するメールマガジン‐ ‐研究者のインタビューを中心とした科学コンテンツを配信‐ 〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜＜おすすめメルマガ＞〜 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [ARG-368]2-2 へつづく
